Keratin 15

Identifiers

KRT15; CK15; K15; K1CO

External IDs

OMIM: 148030 MGI: 96689 HomoloGene: 1712 GeneCards: KRT15 Gene

Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• structural constituent of cytoskeleton • protein binding
Cellular component	• intermediate filament
Biological process	• epidermis development
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 17:
39.67 – 39.68 Mb

Chr 11:
99.99 – 100 Mb

PubMed search

[1]

[2]

Keratin 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KRT15 gene.^[1]^[2]

Keratin 15 is a type I cytokeratin. It is found in some progenitor basal cells within complex epithelia.

References

^ Barletta C, Batticane N, Ragusa RM, Leube R, Peschle C, Romano V (1990). "Subchromosomal localization of two human cytokeratin genes (KRT4 and KRT15) by in situ hybridization". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 54 (3–4): 148–50. doi:10.1159/000132979. PMID 1702379.
^ Schweizer J, Bowden PE, Coulombe PA, Langbein L, Lane EB, Magin TM, Maltais L, Omary MB, Parry DA, Rogers MA, Wright MW (July 2006). "New consensus nomenclature for mammalian keratins". J. Cell Biol. 174 (2): 169–74. doi:10.1083/jcb.200603161. PMC 2064177. PMID 16831889. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2064177.

Radoja N, Stojadinovic O, Waseem A, et al. (2004). "Thyroid Hormones and Gamma Interferon Specifically Increase K15 Keratin Gene Transcription". Mol. Cell. Biol. 24 (8): 3168–79. doi:10.1128/MCB.24.8.3168-3179.2004. PMC 381600. PMID 15060141. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=381600.
Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, et al. (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature 437 (7062): 1173–8. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514.
RittiÃ© L, Stoll SW, Kang S, et al. (2009). "Hedgehog signaling maintains hair follicle stem cell phenotype in young and aged human skin". Aging Cell 8 (6): 738–51. doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2009.00526.x. PMID 20050020.
Waseem A, Dogan B, Tidman N, et al. (1999). "Keratin 15 expression in stratified epithelia: downregulation in activated keratinocytes". J. Invest. Dermatol. 112 (3): 362–9. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00535.x. PMID 10084315.
Blumenberg M, Savtchenko ES (1986). "Linkage of human keratin genes". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 42 (1–2): 65–71. doi:10.1159/000132253. PMID 2424675.
Marchuk D, McCrohon S, Fuchs E (1985). "Complete sequence of a gene encoding a human type I keratin: sequences homologous to enhancer elements in the regulatory region of the gene". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82 (6): 1609–13. doi:10.1073/pnas.82.6.1609. PMC 397321. PMID 2580298. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=397321.
Bader BL, Jahn L, Franke WW (1988). "Low level expression of cytokeratins 8, 18 and 19 in vascular smooth muscle cells of human umbilical cord and in cultured cells derived therefrom, with an analysis of the chromosomal locus containing the cytokeratin 19 gene". Eur. J. Cell Biol. 47 (2): 300–19. PMID 2468493.
Choi CW, Park HS, Kim YK, et al. (2008). "Elastic fiber staining and cytokeratin 15 expression pattern in trichoepithelioma and basal cell carcinoma". J. Dermatol. 35 (8): 499–502. doi:10.1111/j.1346-8138.2008.00510.x. PMID 18789069.
Romano V, Bosco P, Rocchi M, et al. (1988). "Chromosomal assignments of human type I and type II cytokeratin genes to different chromosomes". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 48 (3): 148–51. doi:10.1159/000132612. PMID 2466616.
Leube RE, Bader BL, Bosch FX, et al. (1988). "Molecular characterization and expression of the stratification-related cytokeratins 4 and 15". J. Cell Biol. 106 (4): 1249–61. doi:10.1083/jcb.106.4.1249. PMC 2114990. PMID 2452170. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2114990.
Hanukoglu I, Fuchs E (1982). "The cDNA sequence of a human epidermal keratin: divergence of sequence but conservation of structure among intermediate filament proteins". Cell 31 (1): 243–52. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(82)90424-X. PMID 6186381.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=528928.
Celis JE, Gromova I, CabezÃ³n T, et al. (2007). "Identification of a subset of breast carcinomas characterized by expression of cytokeratin 15: relationship between CK15+ progenitor/amplified cells and pre-malignant lesions and invasive disease". Mol Oncol 1 (3): 321–49. doi:10.1016/j.molonc.2007.09.004. PMID 19383306.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2002). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241.
Werner S, Munz B (2000). "Suppression of keratin 15 expression by transforming growth factor beta in vitro and by cutaneous injury in vivo". Exp. Cell Res. 254 (1): 80–90. doi:10.1006/excr.1999.4726. PMID 10623468.
Whittock NV, Eady RA, McGrath JA (2000). "Genomic organization and amplification of the human keratin 15 and keratin 19 genes". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 267 (1): 462–5. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.1966. PMID 10623642.
Al-Refu K, Goodfield M (2009). "Hair follicle stem cells in the pathogenesis of the scarring process in cutaneous lupus erythematosus". Autoimmun Rev 8 (6): 474–7. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2008.12.015. PMID 19162247.

Proteins of the cytoskeleton

Human

Microfilaments
(ABPs)

Myofilament

Actins	A1, A2, B, C1, G1, G2

Myosins	I (MYO1A, MYO1B, MYO1C, MYO1D, MYO1E, MYO1F, MYO1G, MYO1H) · II (MYH1, MYH2, MYH3, MYH4, MYH6, MYH7, MYH7B, MYH8, MYH9, MYH10, MYH11, MYH13, MYH14, MYH15, MYH16) · III (MYO3A, MYO3B) · V (MYO5A, MYO5B, MYO5C) · VI (MYO6) · VII (MYO7A, MYO7B) · IX (MYO9A, MYO9B) · X (MYO10) · XV (MYO15A) · XVIII (MYO18A, MYO18B) · LC (MYL1, MYL2, MYL3, MYL4, MYL5, MYL6, MYL6B, MYL7, MYL9, MYLIP, MYLK, MYLK2, MYLL1)

Other	Tropomodulin (1, 2, 3, 4) · Troponin (T 1 2 3, C 1 2, I 1 2 3) · Tropomyosin (1, 2, 3, 4) Actinin (1, 2, 3, 4) · Arp2/3 complex · actin depolymerizing factors (Cofilin (1, 2) · Destrin) · Gelsolin · Profilin (1, 2) · Titin

Other

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein · Fibrillin · Filamin (FLNA, FLNB, FLNC) · Espin · TRIOBP

IFs

Type 1/2
(Keratin,
Cytokeratin)

Epithelial keratins (soft alpha-keratins)	type I/chromosome 17 (10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20) · chromosome 12 (18) · none (21) type II/chromosome 12 (1, 2A, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7, 8, 9)

Hair keratins (hard alpha-keratins)	type I/chromosome 17 (31, 32, 33A, 33B, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38) type II/chromosome 12 (81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86)

Ungrouped alpha	chromosome 17 (23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 39, 40) chromosome 12 (71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80)

Not alpha	Beta-keratin

Type 3

Desmin, GFAP, Peripherin, Vimentin

Type 4

Internexin, Nestin, Neurofilament (NEFL, NEFM, NEFH), Synemin, Syncoilin

Type 5

Lamin A, B

Microtubules/
MAPs

Kinesins	KIF1A, KIF1B, KIF2A, KIF2C, KIF3B, KIF3C, KIF4A, KIF4B, KIF5A, KIF5B, KIF5C, KIF6, KIF7, KIF9, KIF11, KIF12, KIF13A, KIF13B, KIF14, KIF15, KIF16B, KIF17, KIF18A, KIF18B, KIF19, KIF20A, KIF20B, KIF21A, KIF21B, KIF22, KIF23, KIF24, KIF25, KIF26A, KIF26B, KIF27, KIFC1, KIFC2, KIFC3

Dyneins	axonemal: DNAH1, DNAH2, DNAH3, DNAH5, DNAH6, DNAH7, DNAH8, DNAH9, DNAH10, DNAH11, DNAH12, DNAH13, DNAH14, DNAH17, DNAI1, DNAI2, DNALI1, DNAL1, DNAL4 cytoplasmic: DYNC1H1, DYNC2H1, DYNC1I1, DYNC1I2, DYNC1LI1, DYNC1LI2, DYNC2LI1, DYNLL1, DYNLL2, DYNLRB1, DYNLRB2, DYNLT1, DYNLT3

Other	Tau protein · Dynactin (DCTN1) · Tubulins (TUBA1A, TUBA1B, TUBA1C, TUBA3C, TUBA3D, TUBA3E, TUBA4A, TUBA8) · Stathmin · Tektin (TEKT1, TEKT2, TEKT3, TEKT4, TEKT5) · Dynamin (DNM1, DNM2, DNM3)

Catenins

Alpha catenin · Beta catenin (APC) · Plakoglobin (gamma catenin) · Delta catenin · GAN

Membrane

Dystrophin (Dystroglycan) · Utrophin · Ankyrin (ANK1, ANK2, ANK3) · Spectrin (SPTA1, SPTAN1, SPTB, SPTBN1, SPTBN2, SPTBN4, SPTBN5)

Other

plakin (Desmoplakin, Plectin) · Talin (TLN1) · Vinculin · Plakophilin (PKP1, PKP2)

Nonhuman

Major sperm proteins · Prokaryotic cytoskeleton (Crescentin, FtsZ, MreB)

see also cytoskeletal defects
B strc: edmb (perx), skel (ctrs), epit, cili, mito, nucl (chro)

Keratin 15

References

Further reading